Molecular Biology

Explore the molecules that drive life — including DNA, RNA, proteins, and the processes that control gene expression.

Structure of DNA and RNA

Learn the molecular architecture of DNA and RNA, including base pairing and backbone structure.


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Types of RNA and Their Functions

Learn the roles of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis, and explore other functional RNAs.


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DNA Replication

Understand how DNA is duplicated during the cell cycle with the help of key enzymes like DNA polymerase and helicase.


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Protein Synthesis

Review the full process from transcription in the nucleus to translation at the ribosome.


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Gene Regulation

Explore how genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins, regulated at multiple levels.


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The Genetic Code

Discover how nucleotide triplets (codons) determine the amino acid sequence in proteins.


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Enzyme Activity

Factors affecting enzyme function, active site specificity, denaturation, and reaction rates.


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Simple Biotechnology Applications

Explore basic genetic technologies.


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Apply your knowledge with our collection of IJSO-style molecular biology problems.

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Ready to take IJSO-style molecular biology mock tests?

Challenge yourself with our collection of IJSO-style mock tests in molecular biology, designed to test your problem-solving skills and understanding.

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